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Mol. Cells 2013; 35(1): 1-6

Published online December 26, 2012

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-013-2249-1

© The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology

dRAGging Amino Acid-mTORC1 Signaling by SH3BP4

Young-Mi Kim1, and Do-Hyung Kim1,2,*

1Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 2Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

Correspondence to : *Correspondence: dhkim@umn.edu

Received: September 19, 2012; Revised: December 4, 2012; Accepted: December 4, 2012

Abstract

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth and autophagy. Its activity is regulated by the availability of amino acids and growth factors. The activation of mTORC1 by growth factors, such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), is mediated by tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 and 2 and Rheb GTPase. Relative to the growth factor-regulated mTORC1 pathway, the evolutionarily ancient amino acidmTORC1 pathway remains not yet clearly defined. The amino acid-mTORC1 pathway is mediated by Rag GTPase heterodimers. Several binding proteins of Rag GTPases were discovered in recent studies. Here, we discuss the functions and mechanisms of the newly-identified binders of Rag GTPases. In particular, this review focuses on SH3 binding protein 4 (SH3BP4), the protein recently identifed as a negative regulator of Rag GTPases.

Keywords mTOR, mTORC1, Rag GTPases, SH3BP4

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Mol. Cells 2013; 35(1): 1-6

Published online January 31, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-013-2249-1

Copyright © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.

dRAGging Amino Acid-mTORC1 Signaling by SH3BP4

Young-Mi Kim1, and Do-Hyung Kim1,2,*

1Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 2Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

Correspondence to:*Correspondence: dhkim@umn.edu

Received: September 19, 2012; Revised: December 4, 2012; Accepted: December 4, 2012

Abstract

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth and autophagy. Its activity is regulated by the availability of amino acids and growth factors. The activation of mTORC1 by growth factors, such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), is mediated by tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 and 2 and Rheb GTPase. Relative to the growth factor-regulated mTORC1 pathway, the evolutionarily ancient amino acidmTORC1 pathway remains not yet clearly defined. The amino acid-mTORC1 pathway is mediated by Rag GTPase heterodimers. Several binding proteins of Rag GTPases were discovered in recent studies. Here, we discuss the functions and mechanisms of the newly-identified binders of Rag GTPases. In particular, this review focuses on SH3 binding protein 4 (SH3BP4), the protein recently identifed as a negative regulator of Rag GTPases.

Keywords: mTOR, mTORC1, Rag GTPases, SH3BP4

Mol. Cells
Feb 28, 2023 Vol.46 No.2, pp. 69~129
COVER PICTURE
The bulk tissue is a heterogeneous mixture of various cell types, which is depicted as a skein of intertwined threads with diverse colors each of which represents a unique cell type. Single-cell omics analysis untangles efficiently the skein according to the color by providing information of molecules at individual cells and interpretation of such information based on different cell types. The molecules that can be profiled at the individual cell by single-cell omics analysis includes DNA (bottom middle), RNA (bottom right), and protein (bottom left). This special issue reviews single-cell technologies and computational methods that have been developed for the single-cell omics analysis and how they have been applied to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of biological and pathological phenomena at the single-cell level.

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