Mol. Cells 2011; 32(2): 189-196
Published online May 12, 2011
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-011-0071-1
© The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology
Kyoung Sun Park1,2, Bo Pang3, Su Jung Park3, Yun-Gyoo Lee4, Ji-Yeon Bae5, Seonyang Park4,5,6, Inho Kim4,5,6,*, and Sung Joon Kim2,3,*
Correspondence to : *Correspondence: baekjh@snu.ac.kr
Orthodontic force causes gradual compression of the periodontal ligament tissues, which leads to local hypoxia in the compression side of the tissues. In this study, we investigated whether antioxidants exert a regulatory effect on two factors: the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) that were exposed to mechanical compression and hypoxia and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Exposure of PDLFs to mechanical compression (0.5-3.0 g/cm2) or hypoxic conditions increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Hypoxic treatment for 24 h in-creased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PDLFs. Res-veratrol (10 nM) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 20 mM) diminished the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and hypoxia-induced expression of VEGF. Combined treatment with mechanical compression and hypoxia significantly increased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF in PDLFs. These levels were suppressed by NAC and resveratrol. The maxillary first molars of rats were moved mesially for seven days using an orthodontic appliance. NAC decreased the amount of orthodontic tooth movement compared to the vehicle-treated group. The results from immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that NAC suppressed the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the periodontal ligament tissues compared to the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that antioxidants have the potential to negatively regulate the rate of orthodontic tooth move-ment through the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the compression sides of periodontal ligament tissues.
Keywords antioxidant, hypoxia, mechanical compression, orthodontic tooth movement, pro-inflammatory cytokine
Mol. Cells 2011; 32(2): 189-196
Published online August 31, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-011-0071-1
Copyright © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.
Kyoung Sun Park1,2, Bo Pang3, Su Jung Park3, Yun-Gyoo Lee4, Ji-Yeon Bae5, Seonyang Park4,5,6, Inho Kim4,5,6,*, and Sung Joon Kim2,3,*
1Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea, 2Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea, 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea, 4Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea, 5Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea, 6Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea, 7 These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence to:*Correspondence: baekjh@snu.ac.kr
Orthodontic force causes gradual compression of the periodontal ligament tissues, which leads to local hypoxia in the compression side of the tissues. In this study, we investigated whether antioxidants exert a regulatory effect on two factors: the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) that were exposed to mechanical compression and hypoxia and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Exposure of PDLFs to mechanical compression (0.5-3.0 g/cm2) or hypoxic conditions increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Hypoxic treatment for 24 h in-creased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PDLFs. Res-veratrol (10 nM) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 20 mM) diminished the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and hypoxia-induced expression of VEGF. Combined treatment with mechanical compression and hypoxia significantly increased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF in PDLFs. These levels were suppressed by NAC and resveratrol. The maxillary first molars of rats were moved mesially for seven days using an orthodontic appliance. NAC decreased the amount of orthodontic tooth movement compared to the vehicle-treated group. The results from immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that NAC suppressed the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the periodontal ligament tissues compared to the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that antioxidants have the potential to negatively regulate the rate of orthodontic tooth move-ment through the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the compression sides of periodontal ligament tissues.
Keywords: antioxidant, hypoxia, mechanical compression, orthodontic tooth movement, pro-inflammatory cytokine
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