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Mol. Cells 2010; 30(4): 369-376

Published online August 27, 2010

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-010-0127-7

© The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology

Root Hair-Specific EXPANSIN B Genes Have Been Selected for Graminaceae Root Hairs

Su-Kyung Won1,3, Sang-Bong Choi2,3, Simple Kumari2,3, Misuk Cho1, Sang Ho Lee1, and Hyung-Taeg Cho1,*

1Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, 2Division of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea, 3These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to : *Correspondence: htcho@snu.ac.kr

Received: May 18, 2010; Accepted: July 5, 2010

Abstract

Cell differentiation ultimately relies on the regulation of cell type-specific genes. For a root hair cell to undergo mor-phogenesis, diverse cellular processes including cell-wall loosening must occur in a root hair cell-specific manner. Previously, we identified and characterized root hair-specific cis-elements (RHE) from the genes encoding the cell wall-loosening protein EXPANSIN A (EXPA) which functions preferentially on dicot cell walls. This study reports two root hair-specific grass EXPB genes that contain RHEs. These genes are thought to encode proteins that function more efficiently on grass cell walls. The proximal promoter regions of two orthologous EXPB genes from rice (Oryza sativa; OsEXPB5) and barley (Hordeum vulgare; HvEXPB1) included RHE motifs. These promoters could direct root hair-specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the roots of rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Promoter deletion analyses demonstrated that the RHE motifs are necessary for root hair-specific expression of these EXPB promoters. Phylogenetic analysis of EXP protein sequences indicated that grass EXPBs are the only orthologs to these root hair-specific EXPBs, separating dicot EXPBs to distal branches of the tree. These results suggest that RHE-containing root hair-specific EXPB genes have evolved for grass-specific cell wall modification during root hair morphogenesis.

Keywords cell wall, cis-element, expansin, promoter, root hair

Article

Research Article

Mol. Cells 2010; 30(4): 369-376

Published online October 31, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-010-0127-7

Copyright © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.

Root Hair-Specific EXPANSIN B Genes Have Been Selected for Graminaceae Root Hairs

Su-Kyung Won1,3, Sang-Bong Choi2,3, Simple Kumari2,3, Misuk Cho1, Sang Ho Lee1, and Hyung-Taeg Cho1,*

1Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, 2Division of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea, 3These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to:*Correspondence: htcho@snu.ac.kr

Received: May 18, 2010; Accepted: July 5, 2010

Abstract

Cell differentiation ultimately relies on the regulation of cell type-specific genes. For a root hair cell to undergo mor-phogenesis, diverse cellular processes including cell-wall loosening must occur in a root hair cell-specific manner. Previously, we identified and characterized root hair-specific cis-elements (RHE) from the genes encoding the cell wall-loosening protein EXPANSIN A (EXPA) which functions preferentially on dicot cell walls. This study reports two root hair-specific grass EXPB genes that contain RHEs. These genes are thought to encode proteins that function more efficiently on grass cell walls. The proximal promoter regions of two orthologous EXPB genes from rice (Oryza sativa; OsEXPB5) and barley (Hordeum vulgare; HvEXPB1) included RHE motifs. These promoters could direct root hair-specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the roots of rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Promoter deletion analyses demonstrated that the RHE motifs are necessary for root hair-specific expression of these EXPB promoters. Phylogenetic analysis of EXP protein sequences indicated that grass EXPBs are the only orthologs to these root hair-specific EXPBs, separating dicot EXPBs to distal branches of the tree. These results suggest that RHE-containing root hair-specific EXPB genes have evolved for grass-specific cell wall modification during root hair morphogenesis.

Keywords: cell wall, cis-element, expansin, promoter, root hair

Mol. Cells
Feb 28, 2023 Vol.46 No.2, pp. 69~129
COVER PICTURE
The bulk tissue is a heterogeneous mixture of various cell types, which is depicted as a skein of intertwined threads with diverse colors each of which represents a unique cell type. Single-cell omics analysis untangles efficiently the skein according to the color by providing information of molecules at individual cells and interpretation of such information based on different cell types. The molecules that can be profiled at the individual cell by single-cell omics analysis includes DNA (bottom middle), RNA (bottom right), and protein (bottom left). This special issue reviews single-cell technologies and computational methods that have been developed for the single-cell omics analysis and how they have been applied to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of biological and pathological phenomena at the single-cell level.

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