Mol. Cells 2009; 28(4): 321-329
Published online October 13, 2009
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0156-2
© The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology
Rapid production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in plants. A potato calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK5) activates an NADPH oxidase StRBOHA to D by direct phosphorylation of N-terminal regions, and heterologous expression of StCDPK5 and StRBOHs in Nicotiana benthamiana results in oxidative burst. The transgenic potato plants that carry a constitutively active StCDPK5 driven by a pathogen-inducible promoter of the potato showed high resistance to late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans accompanied by HR-like cell death and H2O2 accumulation in the attacked cells. In contrast, these plants showed high susceptibility to early blight necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, suggesting that oxidative burst confers high resistance to biotrophic pathogen, but high susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogen. NO and ROS synergistically function in defense responses. Two MAPK cascades, MEK2-SIPK and cytokinesis-related MEK1-NTF6, are involved in the induction of NbRBOHB gene in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, NO burst is regulated by the MEK2-SIPK cascade. Conditional activation of SIPK in potato plants induces oxidative and NO bursts, and confers resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, indicating the plants may have obtained during evolution the signaling pathway which regulates both NO and ROS production to adapt to wide-spectrum pathogens.
Keywords CDPK, NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide, MAPK, reactive oxygen species
Mol. Cells 2009; 28(4): 321-329
Published online October 31, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0156-2
Copyright © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.
Hirofumi Yoshioka, Shuta Asai, Miki Yoshioka, and Michie Kobayashi
Rapid production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in plants. A potato calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK5) activates an NADPH oxidase StRBOHA to D by direct phosphorylation of N-terminal regions, and heterologous expression of StCDPK5 and StRBOHs in Nicotiana benthamiana results in oxidative burst. The transgenic potato plants that carry a constitutively active StCDPK5 driven by a pathogen-inducible promoter of the potato showed high resistance to late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans accompanied by HR-like cell death and H2O2 accumulation in the attacked cells. In contrast, these plants showed high susceptibility to early blight necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, suggesting that oxidative burst confers high resistance to biotrophic pathogen, but high susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogen. NO and ROS synergistically function in defense responses. Two MAPK cascades, MEK2-SIPK and cytokinesis-related MEK1-NTF6, are involved in the induction of NbRBOHB gene in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, NO burst is regulated by the MEK2-SIPK cascade. Conditional activation of SIPK in potato plants induces oxidative and NO bursts, and confers resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, indicating the plants may have obtained during evolution the signaling pathway which regulates both NO and ROS production to adapt to wide-spectrum pathogens.
Keywords: CDPK, NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide, MAPK, reactive oxygen species
Jinsu Lee, Minsoo Han, Yesol Shin, Jung-Min Lee, Geon Heo, and Yuree Lee
Mol. Cells 2023; 46(6): 329-336 https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.2158Yun Soo Bae*, Hyunjin Oh, Sue Goo Rhee*, and Young Do Yoo*
Mol. Cells 2011; 32(6): 491-509 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-011-0276-3Eun Seong Hwang and Seon Beom Song
Mol. Cells 2023; 46(11): 655-663 https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0121