Mol. Cells 2009; 28(1): 37-42
Published online June 12, 2009
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0102-3
© The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology
Iron binding lactoferrin (Lf) is involved in the control of cell cycle progression. However, the molecular basis underlying the effects of Lf on cell cycle control, as well as its target genes, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have demonstrated that a relatively low level of iron-saturated Lf, Lf(Fe3+), can stimulate S phase cell cycle entry, and requires Akt activation in MCF-7 cells. Lf(Fe3+) immediately induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, which subsequently induced the phosphorylation of two G1-checkpoint Cdk inhibitors, p21Cip/WAF1 and p27kip1. The Lf(Fe3+)-induced phosphorylation of Cdk inhibitors impaired their nuclear import behavior, thereby inducing cell cycle progression. However, the treatment of cells with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, almost completely blocked Lf(Fe3+)-stimulated cell cycle progression. LY294002 treatment abrogated Lf(Fe3+)-induced Akt activation, and prevented the cytoplasmic localization of p27kip1. Higher levels of p21Cip/WAF1 were also detected in the cytoplasmic sub-cellular compartment as a measure of cellular response to Lf(Fe3+). Consequently, the degree of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein was enhanced in response to Lf(Fe3+). Therefore, we conclude that Lf(Fe3+), as a potential antagonist of Cdk inhibitors, can facilitate the functions of E2F during progression to S phase via the Akt signaling pathway.
Keywords Akt, cell cycle, lactoferrin, p21Cip/WAF1, p27kip1
Mol. Cells 2009; 28(1): 37-42
Published online July 31, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0102-3
Copyright © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.
Shin-Hee Lee, Chul-Woong Pyo, Dae Hyun Hahm, Jiyoung Kim, and Sang-Yun Choi
Iron binding lactoferrin (Lf) is involved in the control of cell cycle progression. However, the molecular basis underlying the effects of Lf on cell cycle control, as well as its target genes, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have demonstrated that a relatively low level of iron-saturated Lf, Lf(Fe3+), can stimulate S phase cell cycle entry, and requires Akt activation in MCF-7 cells. Lf(Fe3+) immediately induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, which subsequently induced the phosphorylation of two G1-checkpoint Cdk inhibitors, p21Cip/WAF1 and p27kip1. The Lf(Fe3+)-induced phosphorylation of Cdk inhibitors impaired their nuclear import behavior, thereby inducing cell cycle progression. However, the treatment of cells with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, almost completely blocked Lf(Fe3+)-stimulated cell cycle progression. LY294002 treatment abrogated Lf(Fe3+)-induced Akt activation, and prevented the cytoplasmic localization of p27kip1. Higher levels of p21Cip/WAF1 were also detected in the cytoplasmic sub-cellular compartment as a measure of cellular response to Lf(Fe3+). Consequently, the degree of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein was enhanced in response to Lf(Fe3+). Therefore, we conclude that Lf(Fe3+), as a potential antagonist of Cdk inhibitors, can facilitate the functions of E2F during progression to S phase via the Akt signaling pathway.
Keywords: Akt, cell cycle, lactoferrin, p21Cip/WAF1, p27kip1
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