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Mol. Cells 2009; 28(1): 37-42

Published online June 12, 2009

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0102-3

© The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology

Iron-Saturated Lactoferrin Stimulates Cell Cycle Progression through PI3K/Akt Pathway

Shin-Hee Lee, Chul-Woong Pyo, Dae Hyun Hahm, Jiyoung Kim, and Sang-Yun Choi

Received: April 14, 2009; Revised: April 22, 2009; Accepted: April 23, 2009

Abstract

Iron binding lactoferrin (Lf) is involved in the control of cell cycle progression. However, the molecular basis underlying the effects of Lf on cell cycle control, as well as its target genes, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have demonstrated that a relatively low level of iron-saturated Lf, Lf(Fe3+), can stimulate S phase cell cycle entry, and requires Akt activation in MCF-7 cells. Lf(Fe3+) immediately induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, which subsequently induced the phosphorylation of two G1-checkpoint Cdk inhibitors, p21Cip/WAF1 and p27kip1. The Lf(Fe3+)-induced phosphorylation of Cdk inhibitors impaired their nuclear import behavior, thereby inducing cell cycle progression. However, the treatment of cells with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, almost completely blocked Lf(Fe3+)-stimulated cell cycle progression. LY294002 treatment abrogated Lf(Fe3+)-induced Akt activation, and prevented the cytoplasmic localization of p27kip1. Higher levels of p21Cip/WAF1 were also detected in the cytoplasmic sub-cellular compartment as a measure of cellular response to Lf(Fe3+). Consequently, the degree of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein was enhanced in response to Lf(Fe3+). Therefore, we conclude that Lf(Fe3+), as a potential antagonist of Cdk inhibitors, can facilitate the functions of E2F during progression to S phase via the Akt signaling pathway.

Keywords Akt, cell cycle, lactoferrin, p21Cip/WAF1, p27kip1

Article

Research Article

Mol. Cells 2009; 28(1): 37-42

Published online July 31, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0102-3

Copyright © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.

Iron-Saturated Lactoferrin Stimulates Cell Cycle Progression through PI3K/Akt Pathway

Shin-Hee Lee, Chul-Woong Pyo, Dae Hyun Hahm, Jiyoung Kim, and Sang-Yun Choi

Received: April 14, 2009; Revised: April 22, 2009; Accepted: April 23, 2009

Abstract

Iron binding lactoferrin (Lf) is involved in the control of cell cycle progression. However, the molecular basis underlying the effects of Lf on cell cycle control, as well as its target genes, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have demonstrated that a relatively low level of iron-saturated Lf, Lf(Fe3+), can stimulate S phase cell cycle entry, and requires Akt activation in MCF-7 cells. Lf(Fe3+) immediately induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, which subsequently induced the phosphorylation of two G1-checkpoint Cdk inhibitors, p21Cip/WAF1 and p27kip1. The Lf(Fe3+)-induced phosphorylation of Cdk inhibitors impaired their nuclear import behavior, thereby inducing cell cycle progression. However, the treatment of cells with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, almost completely blocked Lf(Fe3+)-stimulated cell cycle progression. LY294002 treatment abrogated Lf(Fe3+)-induced Akt activation, and prevented the cytoplasmic localization of p27kip1. Higher levels of p21Cip/WAF1 were also detected in the cytoplasmic sub-cellular compartment as a measure of cellular response to Lf(Fe3+). Consequently, the degree of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein was enhanced in response to Lf(Fe3+). Therefore, we conclude that Lf(Fe3+), as a potential antagonist of Cdk inhibitors, can facilitate the functions of E2F during progression to S phase via the Akt signaling pathway.

Keywords: Akt, cell cycle, lactoferrin, p21Cip/WAF1, p27kip1

Mol. Cells
Nov 30, 2023 Vol.46 No.11, pp. 655~725
COVER PICTURE
Kim et al. (pp. 710-724) demonstrated that a pathogen-derived Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum type III effector RipL delays flowering time and enhances susceptibility to bacterial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. Shown is the RipL-expressing Arabidopsis plant, which displays general dampening of the transcriptional program during pathogen infection, grown in long-day conditions.

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