Mol. Cells 2009; 27(3): 359-363
Published online March 19, 2009
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0046-7
© The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology
Chfr, a checkpoint with FHA and RING finger domains, plays an important role in cell cycle progression and tu-mor suppression. Chfr possesses the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and stimulates the formation of polyubiquitin chains by Ub-conjugating enzymes, and induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of a number of cellular proteins, including Plk1 and Aurora A. While Chfr is a nuclear protein that functions within the cell nucleus, how Chfr is localized in the nucleus has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we show that nuclear localization of Chfr is mediated by nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences. To reveal the signal sequences responsible for nuclear localization, a short lysine-rich stretch (KKK) at amino acid residues 257-259 was replaced with alanine, which completely abolished nuclear localization. Moreover, we show that nuclear localization of Chfr is essential for its checkpoint function but not for its stability. Thus, our results suggest that NLS-mediated nuclear localization of Chfr leads to its accumulation within the nucleus, which may be important in the regulation of Chfr activation and Chfr-mediated cellular processes, including cell cycle progression and tumor suppression.
Keywords Chfr, nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, ubiquitination, Ub-ligase
Mol. Cells 2009; 27(3): 359-363
Published online March 31, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0046-7
Copyright © The Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology.
Young Eun Kwon, Ye Seul Kim, Young Mi Oh, and Jae Hong Seol
Chfr, a checkpoint with FHA and RING finger domains, plays an important role in cell cycle progression and tu-mor suppression. Chfr possesses the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and stimulates the formation of polyubiquitin chains by Ub-conjugating enzymes, and induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of a number of cellular proteins, including Plk1 and Aurora A. While Chfr is a nuclear protein that functions within the cell nucleus, how Chfr is localized in the nucleus has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we show that nuclear localization of Chfr is mediated by nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences. To reveal the signal sequences responsible for nuclear localization, a short lysine-rich stretch (KKK) at amino acid residues 257-259 was replaced with alanine, which completely abolished nuclear localization. Moreover, we show that nuclear localization of Chfr is essential for its checkpoint function but not for its stability. Thus, our results suggest that NLS-mediated nuclear localization of Chfr leads to its accumulation within the nucleus, which may be important in the regulation of Chfr activation and Chfr-mediated cellular processes, including cell cycle progression and tumor suppression.
Keywords: Chfr, nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, ubiquitination, Ub-ligase
Jae Jin Kim, Seo Yun Lee, Soyeon Kim, Jee Min Chung, Mira Kwon, Jung Hyun Yoon, Sangwook Park, Yiseul Hwang, Dongsun Park, Jong-Soo Lee, and Ho Chul Kang
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