Ginseng Gintonin Activates the Human Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K⁺ Channel: Involvement of Ca²⁺/Calmodulin Binding Sites

Sun-Hye Choi¹, Byung-Hwan Lee¹, Hyeon-Joong Kim¹, Seok-Won Jung¹, Hyun-Sook Kim¹, Ho-Chul Shin², Jun-Hee Lee³, Hyoung-Chun Kim⁴, Hyewhon Rhim⁵, Sung-Hee Hwang⁶, Tal soo Ha⁷, Hyun-Ji Kim⁸, Hana Cho^8,*, and Seung-Yeol Nah^1,*

¹Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea, ²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea, ³Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 360-764, Korea, ⁴Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea, ⁵Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea, ⁶Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Health Sciences Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Korea, ⁷Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu University, Gyeonsan 712-714, Korea, ⁸Department of Physiology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea